Asia-Pacific Region Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Asia-Pacific Region - Essay Example The subject for APEC 2007, reinforcing our Community, Building Sustainable Future, supports the APEC's standards specifically: correspondence, participation, joint effort, and network among the 21 part economies of the association (Australian Government). Australia, being the host nation of the gathering, sees significant chance to exhibit their business, society and culture to their constituents; and simultaneously, to furnish Australia with an extraordinary chance to control its future heading (Australian Government). That bearing is going towards financial dependability and development of the area. In such manner, we can value the activity taken by the Australian Government of including their childhood in this issue so as to teach in their psyches the significance of fortifying worldwide relations in order to assemble maintainable future among the part economies. This methodology is crucial and powerful; it resembles placing the future in the possession of the people to come. As should be obvious, the fundamental objective of the APEC is to advance monetary development and flourishing in the locale and reinforce the Asia-Pacific Community (Australian Government). It is unquestionably that numerous nations in the Asia-Pacific are financially poor. ... In some Southeast Asian nations, kids are enduring lack of healthy sustenance as well as they are even exposed to compel work and have a negligible access to training and the utilization of innovation like PCs. They are very a long ways behind the innovative progression. In rustic territories, numerous patients passed on in medical clinic in light of absence of life-sparing offices that could have helped patients. The inquiry By what means can I/we construct/make a superior future relies upon the monetary circumstance of the nation which one has a place. Emotionally, the primary thing that I can do is to enable my self to accomplish my fantasies throughout everyday life. One can't consider constructing or making a superior future in the event that he doesn't have a fantasy or desire throughout everyday life. A structural architect for instance can make a framework plan that will genuinely improve a network. A specialist can help patients in remote regions where access to emergency clinics is troublesome because of monetary issue. An instructor can help teach individuals whose ability to send their kids to class are low if none by any stretch of the imagination. Impartially, there are numerous universal non-legislative associations, for example, the Green Peace Environmentalist gathering, the Human Rights Advocates and numerous other that attempt so difficult to connect on individuals in discouraged regions. Accordingly, a similar cognizance should likewise be educated to residents of rich nations, so as to assist for a superior eventual fate of the locale. Asia-Pacific Region is made out of both rich and underdeveloped nations, in which connection between every one of them is profoundly significant particularly on financial issue. From my perspective, it is additionally of foremost significance to make out those nations of balance regarding financial benefits. Less fortunate nations ought to likewise encounter more beneficial

National Institute of Business Management Essay

1. Depict the fundamental suspicions of Economics. 2. Examine the imperative elements of an economy. 3. Compose an article on the highlights of entrepreneur economy. 4. Clarify the different presumptions on which all interest plans are readied. 5. Compose an article on Localization of Industries. 6. Portray the sorts of value versatility of interest. 25 x 4=100 imprints Answer of Question 1- Fundamental presumption of econimoics Market analysts have by and large searched for some crucial supposition about human conduct from which the vast majority of the standards of financial matters can be at last concluded. Each chief in a monetary frameworks wheter he is a consument or maker, whethre is a house hold or a firm is accepted to have in a levelheaded way and go in for most extreme addition. Monetary sanity surmised that each individual knows his advantage and chooses that strategy, which guarantees him the best measure of statisfaction. The business analysts have, by and large accepted that people are sane and that they are affected by expansion guideline for instance each buyer is said to expand his fulfillment with a given measure of consumption, each maker amplifies his yield and mizimizes his expense. Each vender limits his benefit, as so on. In any case, reationality and amplification standards depend on the further presumption of immaculate information, each judicious consumenr for instance knowsâ the differnent possiable elective open to him and will pick that alrernative that guarantees most extreme fulfillment. Be that as it may, judiciousness is molded and impacted by propensities and social. Propensities procured over various years impact the buyers in the selection of merchandise. Similarly, social traditions infulence direct and change financial conduct of people. The suspicion of monetary reasonability doesn't convey and good or moral ramifications. Objectivity suggests that is a time of intense shoratege, makers and wholesalers would raise the cost and secure higher benefit marigns. Such a behaivor might be censured from the social perspective. However, financially it is advocated. Simultaneously, it is neccesasary to recognize singular reasonability and social rationlaity. In any case, from the social perspective, this may not be sound and appropriate, for bombay is as of now overcroweded with a high thickness of populace, other than there are such a large number of in reverse zones, which need industrialization from the social perspective it would have been exceptional that the new plant is set up away from bombay, there is along these lines a chance of conflict between individual normally and social rationalily. Anwer of Question no :- 2 Economy An economy alludes to the monetary arrangement of the district, territory or country. â€Å"It is a framework by which people get a livelihood.† For example the â€Å"Economy incorporates ranches, processing plants, mines, shops, banks, streets, railroads, airplanes, workplaces, schools, films and so on., which allows the individuals with the merchandise and ventures which they likewise use themselves or offer abroad so as to have the option to purchase imports.† Sir John Hicks â€Å"An economy comprises of nothing else except for a huge collaboration of laborers or maker to make things and do things which customers want.† The Vital Processes of An Economy Creation, utilization and development are crucial components of financial aspects. Economies may contrast in the association yet all play out these three capacities whichâ are talked about underneath. 1. Creation - The First essential procedure of an economy is make which must go on ceaselessly. â€Å"Production involves any activity, and the specification of any assistance, which fulfills and is probably going to fulfill a want.† In this more extensive sense, creation incorporates items delivered on ranches like rice, wheat, foods grown from the ground and those produced in the processing plants like garments, electronic merchandise, electrical things and so forth. It additionally incorporates the administrations of retailers, brokers, transporters, on-screen characters, specialists, government workers, educators, designers and much the same as who help in satisfying the requirements of the individuals in the economy through their administrations. Be that as it may, creation disposes of specific merchandise and ventures however they fulfill human needs. It incorporates, local work done inside the family by the housewives, spouse and kids, creation of leisure activity artic les like compositions, creation of vegetables in the kitchen garden. The latter is willful work. John Hicks characterizes â€Å"Production is any movement coordinated to fulfillment of different people’s needs through exchange.† Thus creation implies trade of products for thought of cash. 2. Utilization - The second fundamental procedure of economy is utilization. It implies the utilization of money related merchandise and enterprises in the delight of human needs. The utilization that goes on in the monetary might be of various sorts. Prof. Hicks sorted out it into two gathering †single-utilize products and tough use merchandise. Single merchandise are those which are utilized in a solitary demonstration. Such merchandise are food stuffs, cigarettes, matches, fuel and so on tough use products are those which can be utilized for a significant timeframe. It is irrelevant whether the time is short or long. Such merchandise are pens, bikes, garments, fans, furniture and so forth. Prof. Earthy colored characterizes as â€Å"For each sort of finished merchandise, in all actuality there is a sort of channel or rather an arrangement of pipeline, extending from the one of a kind wellsprings of assets used to the consumer.† The accumulation of supply of such produc ts is called stock speculation. 3. Development - Economic development is â€Å"the process whereby the genuine per capita pay of a nation increments over a significant stretch of time.† We order the elements which lead to the development of an economy.† Growth of populace predominantlyâ working populace is the main source of development. A quickly developing populace according to the development of the national item keeps the yield per head at a low level. Then again, the upgrade in the profitability per head of created economies like United States has been a lot higher as a result of their low paces of their national item. Specialized colleague and advancement are the twin highlights in mounting profitability per head. Specialized information and improvement are independent It is specialized information which realizes new methods for creation, prompts advancement and development of new gear. The flexibly of reserve funds is another factor that decides the development pace of economy. Getting from abroad is another wellspring of capital for the development of economies. Outer getting is depended on for two reasons. To enhance low household reserve funds and to get remote money to import capital for advancement purposes. In this manner all economies whether they are entrepreneur, communist or blended play out these significant elements of creation, utilization and development. Focal Problems of Economy There are five essential inquiries identifying with the issue of economy and they are examined beneath. 1. What to Produce and in What Quantities? To settle on a choice of what merchandise and enterprises are to be made and the volume of efficiency must be resolved and this is the main issue identifying with economy. This includes allocation of rare assets corresponding to the piece of complete efficiency in the economy. Since assets are insufficient the general public needs to choose about the merchandise to be created. In the event that the general public offers importance to the creation of more utilization products now, it will have less in future. A high priority on capital merchandise infers shopper products now and more in future. Be that as it may, since assets are lacking, if a few products are created in bounty, some different merchandise should be delivered in littler amounts. It will hence need to pick among blend which will give more significant level of fulfillment. 2. How to Produce these merchandise? The following issue is the manner by which to manufacture these products. That is the methods andâ methods to be applied in the creation of the essential merchandise. This issue is chiefly reliant on the openness of assets inside the economy. On the off chance that land is accessible in plenitude, it might have far reaching development. In the event that the work is in wealth, it might utilize work requesting procedures while if there should arise an occurrence of work deficiency, capital serious methods might be utilized. Then again simple customer merchandise and little yields require little and less exorbitant machines. Further it needs to settle on a choice of what products and enterprises are to be made in the open area and that in private part. 3. For Whom are the Goods Produced? The third fundamental issue is for whom the products and enterprises are to be delivered. That is the allocation of merchandise among the individuals from the general public. The designation of fundamental client products or supplies and rich solaces and among the family unit happens based on among the portion of country’s salary. A rich individual may have a huge portion of the extravagant products and a destitute individual may have more measures of the essential customer merchandise he needs. 4. How proficiently are the assets being used? This is one of the critical fundamental issues on account of having settled on the three before choices, the general public needs to see whether the capital it claims are being used completely or not. In the event that the assets of the monetary framework are lying inactive. It needs to discover available resources to utilize them completely. In the event that the inaction of assets, state labor, land or capital is because of their male assignment, the general public needs to receive such financial, monetary or physical estimates where this is amended. In an economy where the accessible assets are as a rule completely used, it is described by specialized ability or full work. To keep up it at this level, the economy should consistently be expanding the efficiency of certain products and enterprises by quitting any trace of something of others. 5. Is the Economy Growing? The last and the most basic issue is to see if the economy is developing through time or is it languid. Econo

Night World : The Chosen Chapter 7

When Rashel caught the young lady, the truck was at that point slowing down to pivot. Somebody was yelling, â€Å"She's out! We lost one!† â€Å"This way!† Rashel stated, coming to toward the young lady with one hand and signaling with the other. Very close, she could see that the young lady was little, with rumpled fair hair falling over her brow. Her chest was hurling. Rather than looking thankful, she appeared to be panicked by Rashel's appearance. She gazed at Rashel a second, at that point she attempted to dash away. Rashel caught her in midlunge. ‘Tm your companion! Please! We must go between roads, where the truck can't follow us.† The truck was completing its turn. Headlights cleared toward them. Rashel circled an arm around the young lady's abdomen and took off at a dead run. The light young lady was conveyed along. She whimpered however she ran, as well. Rashel was setting out toward the zone between two of the distribution centers. She realized that if there truly were vampires in that truck, her solitary possibility was to get herself and the light young lady to her vehicle. The vampires could run a lot quicker than any human. She'd picked these two distribution centers in light of the fact that the steel fence behind them wasn't excessively high and had no security fencing at the top. As they arrived at it, Rashel gave the young lady a little push. â€Å"Climb!† â€Å"I can't!† The young lady was trembling and heaving. Rashel looked her over and understood that it was most likely the strict truth. The young lady didn't look as though she'd at any point climbed anything in her life. She was wearing what appeared to be party garments and high heels. Rashel saw the truck's headlights in the road and heard the motor easing back. â€Å"You have to!† she said. â€Å"Unless you need to return with them.† She interlocked her fingers, making a step with her hands. â€Å"Here! Put your foot here and afterward simply attempt to snatch on when I bob you up.† The young lady looked too terrified not to attempt. She put her foot in Rashel's grasp similarly as the headlights exchanged off. It was what Rashel had anticipated. The haziness was a favorable position to the vampires; they could see a lot preferred in it over people. They would follow by walking. Rashel slowly inhaled, at that point hurled upward violently as she breathed out. The light young lady went cruising toward the highest point of the fence with a screech. An uncovered moment later, Rashel propelled herself at the highest point of the fence, got it, and swung her legs over. She dropped to the ground silently and held her arms up to the light young lady. ‘Let go! I'll get you.† The young lady, who was climbing unadroitly ludicrous, investigated her shoulder. â€Å"I can't-â€Å" â€Å"Do it!† The young lady dropped. Rashel cushioned her fall, set her on her feet, and snatched her arm over the elbow. â€Å"Come on!† As they ran, Rashel filtered the structures around them. She required a corner, somewhere where she could get the young lady behind her and safe. She could protect a corner-if there weren't more than a few vampires. â€Å"How a considerable lot of them are there?† she asked the young lady. â€Å"Huh?† The young lady was heaving. â€Å"How-many-are-there?† â€Å"I don't have the foggiest idea, and I can't run anymore!† The young lady lurched to an end and bowed twofold, hands on her knees, attempting to recover her breath. â€Å"My legs†¦ are much the same as jelly.† It was no utilization, Rashel acknowledged with consternation. She was unable to anticipate that this bit of light lighten should out-run a vampire. In any case, on the off chance that they halted here in the open, they were dead. She cast an edgy glance around. At that point she saw it. A Bostonian custom a deserted vehicle. In this city, in the event that you became weary of your vehicle you just trashed it on the closest dike. Rashel favored the obscure advocate who'd left this one. Presently, if no one but they could get in†¦. â€Å"This way!† She didn't trust that the young lady will dissent, yet snatched her and hauled her. â€Å"Come on, you can do it! Make it to that vehicle and you don't need to run anymore.† The words appeared to motivate the young lady into a last exertion. They arrived at the vehicle and Rashel saw that one of the back windows was broken out neatly. â€Å"In!† The young lady was little boned and experienced the window without any problem. Rashel dove after her. At that point she pushed her down into the leg space before the seat and murmured, â€Å"Don't make a sound.† She lay rigidly, tuning in. She scarcely had the opportunity to inhale twice before she heard strides. Delicate strides, subtle as a slinking tiger's. Vampire strides. Rashel held her breath and paused. Closer, closer†¦ Rashel could feel the other young lady shaking. She viewed the dull roof of the vehicle and attempted to design a safeguard in the event that they were gotten. The strides were directly outside at this point. She heard the mesh of glass not ten feet from the vehicle entryway. Simply kindly don't let them have a werewolf with them, she thought. Vampires may see and hear better than people, however a werewolf could track its prey down. It couldn't in any way, shape or form miss the smell of people in the vehicle. Outside, the strides stopped, and Rashel's heart sank. Eyes open, she quietly put her hand on her blade. And afterward she heard the strides moving rapidly away. She tuned in as they blurred, keeping completely still. At that point she kept still some more, while she checked to 200. At that point, cautiously, she sat up and glanced around. No sight or sound of vampires. â€Å"Can I please get up now?† came a little crying voice from the floor. â€Å"If you keep quiet,† Rashel murmured. â€Å"They still might be some place close by. We will need to get to my vehicle without them getting us.† â€Å"Anything, as long as I don't need to run,† the young lady said mournfully, rising up out of the floor more tousled than any time in recent memory. â€Å"Have you at any point attempted to run in four-inch heels?† â€Å"I never wear heels,† Rashel mumbled, looking over and down the road. â€Å"Okay, I'll get out first, at that point you come through.† She slid out the window feet-first. The young lady stuck her head through. â€Å"Don't you ever use doors?† â€Å"Sh. Come on,† Rashel murmured. She drove the route through the dim avenues, moving from shadow to shadow. At any rate the young lady could walk delicately, she thought. Also, she had a comical inclination even at serious risk. That was uncommon. Rashel drew a breath of alleviation when they arrived at the limited contorting rear entryway where her Saturn was stopped. They weren't protected at this point, however. She needed to get the fair young lady out of Mission Hill. â€Å"Where do you live?† she stated, as she turned over the motor. When there was no answer, she turned. The young lady was gazing at her with open anxiety. â€Å"Uh, why you're dressed that way? What's more, who are you, at any rate? That is to say, I'm happy you spared me-yet I don't comprehend anything.† Rashel faltered. She required data from this young lady, and that was going to require significant investment and trust. With abrupt choice she loosened up her scarf, one-gave, until her face was uncovered. â€Å"Like I stated, I'm a companion. In any case, first simply let me know: do you recognize what sort of individuals had you in that truck?† The young lady dismissed. She was at that point shuddering with cold; presently she shuddered more diligently. â€Å"They weren't individuals. They were†¦ ugh.† â€Å"Then you do know. All things considered, I'm one of the individuals that chases down that sort of people.† The young lady looked from Rashel's face to the sheathed blade that refreshed between them. Her jaw dropped. â€Å"Oh, my God! You're Buffy the Vampire Slayer!† â€Å"Huh? Oh.† Rashel had missed the film. â€Å"Right. All things considered, you can call me Rashel. Also, you're†¦ ?† â€Å"Daphne Childs. Furthermore, I live in Somerville, yet I would prefer not to go home.† â€Å"Well, that is fine, since I need to converse with you. We should discover a Dunkin' Donuts.† Rashel discovered one outside of Boston, a protected one she knew had no Night World associations. She pulled a coat on over her dark ninja outfit and loaned Daphne an extra sweater from the storage compartment of her vehicle. At that point they headed inside and requested jam sticks and hot cocoa. â€Å"Now,† Rashel said. â€Å"Tell me what occurred. How could you end up in that truck?† Daphne measured her hands around her hot cocoa. â€Å"It was all so horrible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I know.† Rashel attempted to make her voice alleviating. She hadn't had a lot of training at it. â€Å"Try to let me know anyway. Start at the beginning.† â€Å"Okay, well, it began at the Crypt.† â€Å"Uh, as in ‘Tales from the†¦'? Or then again as in the Old Burial Ground?† â€Å"As in the club on Prentiss Street. It's this underground club, and I mean extremely underground. That is to say, no one appears to think about it aside from the individuals who go there, and they're all our age. Sixteen or seventeen. I never observe any grown-ups, not in any case DJs.† â€Å"Go on.† Rashel was listening eagerly. The Night People had clubs, as a rule deliberately escaped people. Could Daphne have meandered into one? â€Å"Well. It's incredibly and truly cool-or if nothing else that is the thing that I thought. They make them astound music. That is to say, it's past fate, it's past goth, it's similar to void stone. Simply tuning in to it causes you to go all peculiar and incorporeal. Furthermore, the entire spot is enhanced like this post-end of the world no man's land. Or on the other hand possibly like the underworld†¦.† Daphne looked ahead into the separation. Her eyes, an extremely profound cornflower blue under overwhelming lashes, looked contemplative and nearly mesmerized. Rashel jabbed her and chocolate slopped onto the table. â€Å"Reminisce about it later. What sort of individuals were in the club? Vampires?† â€Å"Oh, no.† Daphne looked stunned. â€Å"Just ordinary children. I know some from my school. Furthermore, there's heaps of wanderers, I presume. Road kids, you know.† Rashel flickered. â€Å"Runaways†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yeah. They're for the most part exceptionally cool, with the exception of the ones who take drugs. Those are spooky.† An unlawful cl

Writing 101 What Is Personification Learn About Personification in Writing With Examples

In writing, figurative language—using words to convey a different meaning outside the literal one—helps writers express themselves in more creative ways. One popular type of figurative language is personification: assigning human attributes to a non-human entity or inanimate object to express a point or idea in a more colorful, imaginative way.

Existentialism In Hemingway And Camus - 1730 Words

People like to get stuck in what they find comfortable, and don’t want to push the boundaries. Literature was stuck in a rut, until Modernism came around and broke the standard mold that authors thought they needed to follow. This movement brought in new styles, dynamic characters and topics that centered around ground breaking theories. Many of these authors looked for their own individual way to break from the tradition. Hemingway and Camus were just two of these authors that took their novels, The Sun Also Rises and The Stranger, in directions that others hadn’t. They developed characters that broke away from the typical stock characters everyone was used to. Hemingway looked at the crazy lifestyles and the consequences that the war had†¦show more content†¦Jake states early in the book â€Å"Under the wine I lost the disgusted feeling and was happy. It seemed they were all such nice people† (Hemingway 150). This is a clear example of how alcohol is u sed by not just him but all characters in this novel to numb their pain. They all are seeking out the opportunity to shy away for them real world and the pain that it brings with it. For him to appear happy, Jake needs to have something to numb him to the other feelings he had battling inside of his mind. Hemingway’s group of characters don’t see the value that life has to offer them, so instead they choose to create fake value by drinking. The alcohol driven state allows him to appear happy to the outside world. While it might appear that the characters in the book are alcoholics, it could be countered that these young men have been accustomed to consuming large amounts of alcohol as a means of escaping their lives (Djos 64). In a journal article, written by Matts Djos, he claims that Jake and his companions are â€Å"terrified that fate and circumstance might shatter their facade of civilized deference. These people lack the skills and the sanity to break their addiction to self-sufficiency and their destructive loop of unmanageability. Instead, they seek refuge in broken relationships, in changes of scene, in drunkenness and the illusion that, however meager, they can find some pleasureShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Existentialism In The Stranger1624 Words   |  7 PagesHemingway’s characters were struggling to find the value in their lives, Camus took the other side of the spectrum and made a character that didn’t see any value in life. Camus focuses on the topic of existential ism, which is the philosophical theory that focuses on the fact that everyone is responsible for developing their own actions, in his novel The Stranger. Camus introduces Meursault who is deeply rooted in the beliefs of existentialism, believing that there is no value to anything that happens in aRead More The Rise and Fall of Existentialism1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rise and Fall of Existentialism   Ã‚  Ã‚   Existential literature often focuses on the personal journey towards existential awareness. Common themes in existential works, such as alienation and confrontation with death, often lead the anti-hero towards a climactic choice that defines whether they have reached true understanding. The themes within existential literature are reflected from the world at large, and the works themselves are a metaphor for a grander shift in Western philosophy. Read MoreAlice Malsenior6001 Words   |  25 Pages1946, Albert Camus published his famous work called The Stranger and sparked the start of existentialism. This literary approach rejects the idea that the universe offers any clues about how humanity should live. Therefore, writers of this type glorify the ideas of freedom and individual responsibility. Other popular authors that are characterized as existentialists are Ernest Hemingway, James Baldwin, and Nathaniel West. Following its popular surge in the 1940s and 1950s, exi stentialism faded after

Essay On Organizational Culture In The Workplace - 1213 Words

An organization always faces challenges when allowing new employees into their culture. Brethren Woods Camp and Retreat Center encounters this change every year when they orient their summer staff. Last summer, however, a new problem occurred to challenge their organizational culture. During the fifth week of their six week summer camp program, they caught wind from a stakeholder that some of their employees had been in violation of the personnel policy they all signed earlier in the summer. After confirming this information with the employees in question, they were quick to judge the situation. Two employees were fired while the rest were treated to a talking circle. The incident was not explained to the entire staff and was never spoken†¦show more content†¦With roots in the Church of the Brethren, it is easy to trace where the organizational culture gets its roots. In fact their mission statement is â€Å"to provide Christian educational opportunities, facilities, and pr ograms for all ages in an inviting woodland setting; encouraging the formation of Christ-centered living, leadership, and stewardship of creation, leading toward wholeness in the kingdom of God† (Brethren Woods, 2017). These Christian beliefs are explicit in each camp week as the organization values events including bible study, vespers, and morning watch. They can also be seen in the expectations for employees from the dress code to the housing rules. Brethren Woods also gets much of their funding from Brethren churches surrounding the area. As stakeholders, these churches keep the camp accountable to their values because they do not want to put their money into an organization that does not align with their beliefs. All of these elements of the camp’s organizational culture led to the way the handled the problem with their staff. First off, one of the elements of their mission is to form leaders in Christ. With their leaders exhibiting behaviors contrary to these valu es, something had to be done. Next, there was a culture set by the executive director and two co-program directors that they wanted to perpetuate. They could not allow the culture to morph into something against their mission. Lastly, the stakeholders expect Brethren Woods to uphold anShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Success Is Increasingly Becoming Dependent On An Organization1627 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Introduction Organizational success is increasingly becoming dependent on an organization’s ability to embrace a diverse workforce (Simmons et al., 2011). There exists more variety in the modern workforce than in previous years (Christian et al., 2006). This is largely due to the demographic factors like immigration and economic factors like globalization (Christian et al., 2006). 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The interpersonal communication used to talk to the person

Essay on farts Example For Students

Essay on farts In this essay will consider the social, economic and political factors of farts. Many an afternoon has been enjoyed by a family, bonding over the discussion of farts. Though farts is a favorites topic of discussion amongst monarchs, presidents and dictators, farts is featuring more and more in the ideals Of the young and upwardly mobile. It is estimated that that farts is thought about eight times every day by the aristocracy, many Of whom fail to comprehend the full scope of farts. Keeping all of this in mind, in this essay I will examine the major issues. Social Factors There is cultural and institutional interdependence between members of any community. When Autochthonous said people only know one thing [11 he borrowed much from tarts. No symbol is more potent than farts in society today. It demonstrates a coherent approach, something so lacking in our culture, that it is not recognized by all. Nothing represents everyday life better than farts, and I mean nothing. It breaks the mold, shattering mans misunderstanding of man. Economic factors There has been a great deal of discussion in the world of economics, centered on the value of farts. We will primarily be focusing on the Watkins-Teeth-pulling del Taking special care to highlight the role of farts within the vast framework which this provides. Housing Prices farts Clearly the graphs demonstrates a strong correlation. Why is this? Seemingly housing prices will continue to follow farts for the foreseeable future. The economic policy spectrum is seeing a period of unprecedented growth. Political Factors Modern politics owes much to the animal kingdom. Comparing international relations since the end to the century can be like observing tarts and dormer Wolves striker Steve Bull, To quote that most brilliant mind Separates H. Master You can lead a horse to water, big deal. Considered by many to be one of the Founding Fathers of farts, his words cannot be over-looked. It would be wise to approach the subject with the thought that if you dont have anything nice to say, dont say anything at all. However this can lead to missing out important facts. One Of the great ironies Of this age is farts. Isnt it ironic, dont you think? Conclusion We can say with certainty farts is, to use the language of the streets Super Cool. It enriches, brought up a generation and it is human. Lets finish with a thought from star Macaulay Hendrix: l wouldnt be where I am today without farts.

The Analyzing Mind, Analyzed (Rough Draft) free essay sample

â€Å"Go upstairs; I have to make a phone call,† my mom told me. I reluctantly marched upstairs, wondering what could be so secretive that must be kept from me, an intelligent fifth grader. Well, I decided that I wanted to find out, and so I picked up the receiver on another phone and heard the worst imaginable thing a fifth grader could hear: â€Å"It’s a surprise party, so make sure your daughter doesn’t tell Miriam†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I hung up the phone as quickly and smoothly as I had picked it up, trying to tear down the realization building up in my mind, but it was no use. I had ruined my own surprise party. That was the first event that led me to the recognition that I have an unrelenting sense of curiosity that cannot be satisfied without the pure attainment of knowledge. I’ve always had an affinity for figuring things out; my mind just must know the hows and whys of everything. We will write a custom essay sample on The Analyzing Mind, Analyzed (Rough Draft) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It started with simple eavesdropping like this. But it wasn’t just withheld information that I longed for; I wanted to learn. And I wanted to create. My hands became the perfect utility to accomplish this. I would walk around in sixth grade with a paper clip all day, examining how malleable I could make it wrapped around my pencil or the amount of different shapes that could be formed in various sizes. I would write small letters on a rubber band and watch the ink break apart and conjoin once again as the rubber was stretched and compressed. I would do this again and again, in different color inks and different thickness of rubber bands. I simply wanted to know what would happen. My involuntary capability to overanalyze lends its assistance to my curiosity, especially when it comes to people. I like to know the way things work mechanically, but I am also inquisitive about the human mind and the way each person’s works. I went through a time period where I liked to say a random word to a person and have him or her recite back to me the first thought that entered their mind upon hearing the word. It gave me insight into the way that person thinks, the way he or she associates words or phrases depending on their character and mindset. I never understood why I have such a desire for inquiry, but I know that it is adamant and insistent. I’ve learned that together, the hand and the mind are the most powerful appliances that can be used to suffice any sense of curiosity. Analyzing objects by taking them apart or fidgeting with pieces meticulously with my nimble fingers is not a conscious act anymore; it’s instinctive. And as I grow older, I realize that learning from a source other than my own imagination is just as useful, even beneficial. I’ve acknowledged my stubborn inquisitiveness. And I’ve acknowledged that there’s nothing I can do to suppress it; I’ve already analyzed that possibility.

Hang, Hung, Hanged

Hang, Hung, Hanged Hang, Hung, Hanged Hang, Hung, Hanged By Sharon Hang derives from Old English and means to be attached from above without support below. This is one of the core meanings, as shown in the sentence: The picture hangs on the wall. However, there are several other related uses, for example: To let droop or fall – hang your head in shame. To fall in a certain way – this costume hangs well. To pay attention to – I hang on your every word. To hold on tightly – My daughter is hanging onto my skirt. A way of doing something – She couldnt get the hang of it. To be oppressive – a cloud of gloom hangs over him. The regular past tense of hang is hung, which would be used in all the examples listed above. However, there is one difference when it comes to hanging someone by the neck. In this case the past tense is hanged which means killed by hanging. Here are some quotations from the newspapers: before American forces chased him from his capital city and captured him in a filthy pit near his hometown, was hanged just before dawn Saturday during the morning call to prayer. (www.nytimes.com) Secrets,† he printed the pieces of personal data on sheets of paper using a special liquid solution. The sheets were hung in neat rows and columns on a wall. Museumgoers could only see the data under a special light source, and key (www.nytimes.com) Met Breuer in 2016-2017.After it was acquired for McCormick Square, the painting hung in the hallway of the convention center for years with very little protection, making it liable to theft or damage, (www.nytimes.com) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowBroadcast vs Broadcasted as Past FormSentence Adverbs

Twentieth Century America and Modern Art Research Paper

Twentieth Century America and Modern Art - Research Paper Example The researcher of the essay "Twentieth Century America and Modern Art" aims to investigate twentieth-century African-American modern art. The African American art mainly includes basket weaving, a huge range of arts done on plastic, wood carving, pottery and also painting. The African Americans were taking part in art for some time but they actually got accepted and their art got famous during the middle of the 20th century. In 1950s and 1960s some African American artists hit the cord and become known around the country and were accepted open heartedly. During the same time period a self-claimed group of artists called the Highwaymen which was consisted of around 26 African Americans belonging from Fr. Pierce made paintings of the landscape of Florida and because back then there wasn’t a really common concept of art galleries and that too who would welcome the self-claimed artist group belonging to the community, this group of artist took the other path. They peddled around 2 00,000 and put them in their trucks and went all around selling them directly to the public. Today in the history of American folk and in the History of African American culture they are regarded as and known as one of the most important figures and notable groups who did a lot of amazing work in the field of arts. Their paintings are considered so important in today`s world that the price of their paintings in today`s world is around a thousands of dollars. There was some artist who made their mark in the New York galleries.

Film Analysis of final sequence in Se7en Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Film Analysis of final sequence in Se7en - Essay Example While Mills is controlling Doe at gunpoint, Doe talks about how much he admires Mills, but does not explain why. Somerset opens the box and shrinks back in horror at the scene of the contents in the box. He runs back to advise Mills not to pay attention to Doe, but the murderer discloses that the box has Mills wife’s head. Informing that he had bought information about Mills by pretending as a tabloid reporter, Doe declares that he symbolize the sin of "Envy" as he was envious of Mills ordinary life, and murdered Tracy after unable to "play husband" with her. He then torments the distressed Mills with the information that Tracy was expecting. Somerset is powerless to control Mills as he empties his gun into Doe, becoming the incarnation of "Wrath". After a  highly shaken and dazed Mills is taken away, Somerset is asked where he will be to which he answers, "around". The most significant scene in the clip is when Doe is inciting Mills and at the same time Somerset is trying t o reason with Mills. The two distinct but overlapping voices are playing in the background and finally Mills shoots Doe. Narrative Function - The last scene brings out the remaining two sin and two bodies as told by Doe to the police. The last scene connects the dot or clues which were spread over the entire movie. Doe craves for a normal life yet feels he has to do his duty of punishing the sinners. He sees that Mills is short tempered. Doe feels he himself is a sinner as he is envious of Mills’ life. The last scene shows three people behaving completely different from one another. The sequence makes it clear to the audience why Doe turned himself in. The sequence brings out very clearly the three different personalities. Here it is seen that Mills is an emotional person while Somerset is more stable and logical. Even in dire and extreme situations Somerset chooses to think and act. Doe on the other hand is clearly shown as the patient person, who

Crunchie Bones Essay Example for Free

Crunchie Bones Essay The aim of this experiment is to test whether or not a Crunchie bar could be used as a bone replacement. If this were possible the crunchie would have to be strong enough to support the patients life style. The Crunchie bar will be used to replace a leg bone. After the experiment I will calculate the ultimate breaking stress of the Crunchie and then compare this to the ultimate breaking stress of a leg bone. I will calculate the stress by using the formula: The apparatus is going to be set up as follows: I will tighten both of the G-clamps by 90 at the same time, then I will read off the force on the dial of the scales. I will read the dial from directly above otherwise parallax may occur. I am using three crunchies at the same time, as this will be more reliable. To make the measurements accurate I will calibrate the scales after the crunchies and wooden boards have been put on to it. I will ensure that the G-clamps are placed in the middle of the blocks so that the pressure off these blocks is spread over all of the bars, and not just on one side. The safety aspect of this experiment is that the G-clamps may fall off and cause an accident. Results Degree turns ( ) Force in Newtons (N) 90 58.8 180 147.0 270 264.6 360 431.2 450 617.4 540 833.0 630 1038.8 720 1185.8 810 1176.0 900 1127.0 990 1097.6 1080 1097.6 1170 1097.6 1260 1097.6 1350 1097.6 1440 1097.6 I have, as accurately as possible, measured the surface area of one crunchie, the measurements were: 140mm x 25mm = 3500mm To use the stress formula the surface area needs to be in m , to get this I will: 3500 x 1000000 = 0.0035m As I have used three crunchie bars I will need to times the above value by 3: 0.0035 x 3 = 0.0105m Using the above results table I have constructed a graph. As it and the results table shows the crunchie bars held up against a great force, then went the force reached 1190.0N, the crunchie bars crumbled. This meant the up ward force from the crunchie bars went and the force dropped down to1097.6N this force continued when the G-clamps were continued to be turned. Calculations By doing the following calculations I will determine the ultimate breaking stress of the crunchie bars for one leg. Stress ( ) = force (f) Area (A) Stress ( ) = 1190.0 N 0.0105 m Stress ( ) = 113333.3 Pa = 11 x 10 Pa Due to inaccuracies of the scales I am going to calculate the maximum and minimum values of the force and then calculate the breaking stress due to these differences. Maximum force = 1200 N Minimum force = 1180 N Maximum Stress = 1200 N 0.0105m = 114285.7 Pa (1dp) = 1.14 x 10 Pa Minimum Stress = 1180 N 0.0105m = 112380.9 Pa (1dp) = 1.12 x 10 Pa I have accounted for the inaccuracies of the scales and of the turning of the G-clamps by drawing error boxes on the graph. The size of the error boxes is 20N x 36 . Further calculations will determine whether or not the crunchie bar would be a suitable replacement for a leg bone. Average mass of human = 60kg Weight = mass x gravity = 60 x 9.8 = 588 N Area of crunchie bar = 0.0105m Area for two legs: 0.0105 x 2 = 0.021m Stress = F A = 600N = 600N 0.021m 0.0105m = 28571.4 (1dp) = 2.8 x 10 Pa Stress = 57142.9 Pa (1dp) (1 leg) = 5.7 x 10 Pa By using question eight from the section Spare Part Surgery in the Salters Horners Advanced Physics book I can see that the crunchie bar would not be able to be used as a bone replacement. This is because the value given in the book for stress on the leg bone when someone standing still is 10 Pa and so is bigger than the 2.8 x 10 Pa, therefore the crunchie would shatter when under this stress. When investigating further and by using question nine from the section Spare Part Surgery in the Salters Horners Advanced Physics book I found that there is a bigger value for stress when the person moves or in the case of question nine, jumps off a wall. The below calculations show that the crunchie bar would be unable to with stand the stress of the patient moving: Height of wall = 1.5m Time taken = 0.1s Gravity = 9.8ms = 9.8Nkg Mass = 70kg a = v t = 5.42 0.1 = 54.2 ms F= ma = 70kg x 54.2ms = 3.80 x 10 N Calculations for crunchie bars: Area of both legs = 60 x 10 m Area of crunchies = 0.0105m Calculations for bone: Man lands on two legs = 0.0105 x 2 Stress = F = 0.021m A Stress = F = 3.80 x 10 N A 60 x 10 m = 3.80 x 10 N = 6.3 x 10 Pa 0.021m = 18095238.1 Pa = 1.8 x 10 Pa These calculations show that the crunchie bar could not with stand the stress when the patient moved. This is shown in the calculations because the value of stress on the crunchie bars when put in this situation is greater than that of the leg bones. Therefore the crunchie bars would break. Overall this experiment has shown that a crunchie bar could not be used as a suitable bone replacement as it would not be able to with stand the ultimate breaking stress of a person if they were standing still or if the person was moving. If I had more time to continue this experiment I would make a piece of apparatus, like a protractor, that enabled me to measure the degree turns that I made when turning the G-clamps making my measurements more accurate. Using the apparatus I could also make more turns such as 45 turns as well as 90 turns.

The Failings of Mr. And Mrs. Elliot Essay -- Mr. and Mrs. Elliot Essay

The Failings of Mr. And Mrs. Elliot      Ã‚   This cynical look at a less than ideal marriage keeps the reader at a distance. The opening sentence startles in its baldness "Mr. and Mrs. Elliot tried very hard to have a baby" and the second sentence destroys any illusions that the Elliots are enjoying this by stating that "They tried as often as Mrs. Elliot could stand it"(Hemingway 85).    The second paragraph uses one long, oddly convoluted sentence to describe their courtship and subsequent marriage. It isn't until the third paragraph that either is referred to by a first name and then young Mr. Hubert Elliot's career is discussed. Mrs. Elliot's age has already been revealed, she is forty, and now Hubert's age is given as twenty five. This disparity in ages is explained by the fact that Hubert has been keeping "himself pure so that he could bring to his wife the same purity of mind and body that he expected of her"(85). The very thing that girls his age laugh at is what endears him to his friend at the tea shop, Cornelia.    She, too, is quite pure and they are delighted to have found each other, even if his mother cries over their marriage. Later she "brightened very much when she learned they were going to live abroad"(86). Perhaps she's relieved that the newlyweds will be out of reach of the wagging tongues of neighbors and friends.    The happy couple spends much time kissing and congratulating themselves on having remained pure. Apparently marriage wasn't in Hubert's plans, he can't even "remember just when it was decided that they were to be married"(86). But they do marry and the wedding night proves to be disappointing, the impression being that two such pure souls have no clue how to make love. A... ...friends of her own, concentrating instead on making that baby and typing Hubert's poetry. There is also a tendency to accept at face value some things that would arouse suspicion in a more thoughtful (or less desparate) person. "Hubert explained to her that he had leaned that way of kissing from hearing a fellow tell a story once"(86).    It might be easy to feel sympathy for such deluded people, creating their own traps and convincing themselves that they are so very happy. But the slightly sarcastic edge of the narrative combined with the distance maintained throughout instead works to encourage contempt. At the end of the story it's easy to dismiss the Elliots as having made their bed. Now they'll just have to sleep in it.    Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. "Mr. and Mrs. Eliot." The Short Stories. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1995.   

Kamikaze, Japan’s Suicide Gods Essay

Kamikaze is a Japanese word meaning â€Å"divine wind†. ‘Kami’ means ‘divine’ and ‘kaze’ ‘wind’. Kamikaze owes its origins to the 1274 and 1281 typhoons which wrought havoc on invasion forces from Mongolia. A Japanese World War II pilot specially trained to destroy an enemy ship by crashing on it was referred to as kamikaze. The plane to be used for such an attack, usually laden with explosives also bore the same name. Special air suicide attack units were given this name in World War II in 1944-45. The kamikaze concept originated from lower ranks officers in the field when they reported that pilots and crew were experiencing accidental crashes. Captain Motoharu first brought up the subject and led to the launch of initial investigations on the feasibility and modes of executing deliberate assaults. The Thunder Gods project was initiated soon afterwards in 1944 (Axell, 2002, p. 13) The first formal mention of kamikaze missions was in august 1944 when the Domei News Agency reported that Takeo Tagata, A flight instructor, was training pilots for suicide attacks in Taiwan. It is also claimed that the first kamikaze mission was carried out on September 13th 1944 after which the 31st Fighter Squadron of the army based on Negros Island imitated the following day. Takeshi Kosai, First Lieutenant and a sergeant, destined to crash into carriers, took off in separate fighter planes each loaded with 100 kilogram bombs. Other sources assert that the US cruiser, USS Reno CL96 was suicide bombed on October 14th 1944. It is also claimed that the commander of the 26th Air Flotilla, Captain Masafumi Arima, developed the kamikaze concept. He led 100 Yokosuka D4Y dive bombers to attack Franklin, an aircraft carrier on October 15th 1944. Arima got killed in the assault and was rewarded with the post of Admiral posthumously. Top ranking Japanese military officials embraced Arima’s example as a source of military propaganda. The attack of Suluan Island by Allied forces set off the battle of Leyte Gulf. The responsibility of destroying the Allied forces in Leyte Gulf lay with the 1st Air Fleet of the Japanese Navy. The 1st Air Fleet had the limitation of having only 40 planes: 3 Nakajima B6N Tenzan Torpedo bombers, 34 Mitsubishi zero fighters, 1 Mitsubishi G4M and 2 Yokosuka P1Y Ginga land bombers. This made the task ahead appear impossible and prompted Vice Admiral Takijiro Onishi, the 1st Air Fleet commandant to constitute the Special Attack Unit. Onishi told the 201st flying group pilots of the plan on October 19th at a meeting at Mabalacat airfield near Manila. The assault would involve crashing a zero bomber with 250 kilogram bomb and ramming it into a US carrier with a view of grounding all American carriers. The initial plan was to only involve volunteers in such attacks. Onishi lied to the pilots that their commander, Captain Sakai Yamamoto, already knew of the plan when the pilots requested for an approval from their own boss. Yamamoto was, however, in hospital after a motor vehicle accident and thus he was not privy to Onishi’s plans. The 23 pilots in attendance volunteered and hence the first anti-Allied forces suicide strikes at Leyte were executed in a few days time (Astor, 1999, 32). The impact of the kamikaze strikes was momentous, damage greater than any preceding one was inflicted on the allied forces ships. The Japanese military top officials decided to have humans man rocket-propelled bombs, an operation they called Thunder Gods. The task of designing the flying bomb was signed to the Japan Aeronautical Research Laboratory. This was to counter the problems experienced in the remote guidance of German rockets and the threat of the advancing Allied forces. The Thunder Gods project initially had 100 volunteers whose training was parallel to the construction of the pioneer 150 Ohka rocket bombs. Japan’s strategy was the stationing of Thunder Gods in Formosa and the Philippines. American submarines and carrier ships didn’t allow maneuvering south from Japan. The November 27th 1944 sinking of Shinano, Japan’s carrier ship, by Archerfish, the American submarine, proved that America had firmly held its base in the region. Shinano held the first batch of 50 Ohkas. Unryu, a Japanese carrier loaded with the next 30 Ohkas was also sunk a few weeks later while traveling to the Philippines. It then became clear that Thunder Gods project would be fail. Students were mandated to recite the oath of the Imperial Rescript on Education as a ritual after the decree was passed in 1890. The oath stated that individuals would offer themselves, including sacrificing their lives, to the state as well as protect the Imperial family. Under the oath, dying for the emperor or for Japan was honorable. The Meiji restoration saw the establishment of Shinto as a state religion. Shinto doctrines were rampant in Japan in 1944 to 1945 and they were instrumental in the promotion of nationalism. Many Japanese were of the view that to be honored at the Yasukumi shrine, which the Emperor visited twice yearly, was a great honor. Many sailors, pilots and soldiers were thus mentally prepared to die and become eirei, ‘guardian spirits’ of the country (Axel, Kase, 2002, p. 35). Books and newspapers published stories, articles and advertisements about the suicide bombers after the kamikaze strategy was adopted. A case in point is the Nippon Times October 1944 issue which ran an article with the view of aiding the recruitment of the special attack corps. The propaganda that kamikaze were enshrined at Yasukumi from publishers and exaggerated stories of the kamikaze added to the Japanese ideology that kamikaze were divine people. Peer pressure also had a hand in popularizing the kamikaze. The Japanese government also had its share in the fanning of the kamikaze spirit by falsely declaring victories (Axell, Kase, 2002, p. 38). Ancient folklore also helped in the recruitment of volunteers into the suicide missions. For instance, it was widely believed that the bonds connecting an individual to his family were similar to the ones that joined him to his nation. The Japanese so valued their close relationship with both the emperor and the nation that they were convinced that it would be useless to be Japanese if one didn’t have this links. Spiritistic ceremonies were held to bid kamikaze farewell before they departed to their assignments. The Japanese flag or the Japanese naval flag with spiritually inspirational words written on it were given to the kamikaze. The soldiers also drank sake; a-rice based alcoholic drink, before leaving. A headband with the rising sun and sennibari, a belt with a thousand stitches each made by a single woman were also among the kamikaze insignia. The kamikaze were also supposed to compose a death poem and read it. This feat borrows heavily from the samurai, a pre-industrial Japan military nobility. Samurai also composed and read a death poem before undertaking seppuku, a Japanese disembowelment ritual. It is alleged that the kamikaze pilots flew southwest over mount Kaimon. The pilots then looked back to face the mountain, said farewell to Japan and saluted the mountain. This is an indication that some spiritism was associated with the kamikaze missions (Astor, 1998, p. 47). The 1281 AD invasion of Japan by Mongols prompted the emperor to pray for divine salvation. A huge typhoon came up and drowned the enemy by sinking their ships. The typhoon was called kamikaze or the ‘divine wind’. This episode was one inspiration of the kamikaze suicide missions in World War II. The pilots had the divine mission of destroying their enemy. Suicide pilot manuals instructed pilots to obtain a high level of spiritual training, be always pure-hearted and cheerful and to maintain perfect health conditions. This instructions were found in a book ‘Transcend life and death’ which were given to each pilot. Pilots were supposed to loudly yell ‘Hissatsu’ translated ‘sink without fail’ moments before crashing into a target. Many kamikaze had the conviction that by crashing into a target, they would pay the debts they owed their friends’ families and the Emperor. The heavy sanctions imposed on Japan by the United States and Washington’s order for Japan to vacate China precipitated the Pacific war in which kamikaze were utilized (Astor, 1998, p. 54). References Astor, G. (1999). The greatest war: Americans in combat, 1944-1945. California, United States. Presidio Press, pp. 32, 47, 54 Axell, A. & Kase, H. (2002). Kamikaze: Japan’s suicide gods. London, United Kingdom. Longman Publishers, Pp. 13, 35, 38

Marie Curie - Mother of Modern Physics

Marie Curie was the first truly famous woman scientist in the modern world.  She was known as the  Mother of Modern Physics for her pioneer work in research about radioactivity, a word she coined. She was the first woman awarded a Ph.D. in research science in Europe  and the first woman professor at the Sorbonne. Curie discovered and isolated polonium and radium, and established the nature of radiation and beta rays. She won Nobel Prizes in  1903 (Physics) and 1911 (Chemistry) and was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize, and the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific disciplines. Fast Facts: Marie Curie Known For: Research in radioactivity and discovery of polonium and radium. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize (Physics in 1903), and the first person to win a second Nobel Prize (Chemistry in 1911)Also Known As: Maria SklodowskaBorn: November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, PolandDied: July 4, 1934 in Passy, FranceSpouse: Pierre Curie (m. 1896-1906)Children: Irà ¨ne and ÈveInteresting Fact: Marie Curies daughter, Irà ¨ne, also won a Nobel Prize (Chemistry in 1935) Early Life and Education Marie Curie was born in Warsaw, the youngest of five children. Her father was a physics teacher, her mother, who died when Curie was 11, was also an educator. After graduating with high honors in her early schooling, Marie Curie found herself, as a woman, without options in Poland for higher education. She spent some time as a governess, and in 1891 followed her sister, already a gynecologist, to Paris. In Paris, Marie Curie enrolled at the Sorbonne. She graduated in first place in physics (1893), then, on a scholarship, returned for a degree in mathematics in which she took second place (1894). Her plan was to return to teach in Poland. Research and Marriage She began to work as a researcher in Paris. Through  her work, she met a French scientist, Pierre Curie, in 1894 when he was 35. They were married on July 26, 1895, in a civil marriage. Their first child, Irà ¨ne, was born in 1897. Marie Curie continued to work on her research and began work as a physics lecturer at a girls school. Radioactivity Inspired by work on radioactivity in uranium by Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie began research on Becquerel rays to see if other elements also had this quality. First, she discovered radioactivity in thorium, then demonstrated that the radioactivity is not a property of an interaction between elements but is an atomic property, a property of the interior of the atom rather than how it is arranged in a molecule. On April 12, 1898, she published her hypothesis of a still-unknown radioactive element, and worked with pitchblende and chalcocite, both uranium ores, to isolate this element. Pierre joined her in this research. Marie Curie and Pierre Curie thus discovered first polonium (named for her native Poland) and then radium. They announced these elements in 1898. Polonium and radium were present in very small amounts in pitchblende, along with larger quantities of uranium. Isolating the very small amounts of the new elements took years of work. On January 12, 1902, Marie Curie isolated pure radium, and her 1903 dissertation resulted in the first advanced scientific research degree to be awarded to a woman in France—the first doctorate in science awarded to a woman in all of Europe. In 1903, for their work, Marie Curie, her husband Pierre, and Henry Becquerel, were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. The Nobel Prize committee reportedly first considered giving the award to Pierre Curie and Henry Becquerel, and Pierre worked behind the scenes to ensure that Marie Curie won appropriate recognition by being included. It was also in 1903 that Marie and Pierre lost a child, born prematurely. Radiation poisoning from working with radioactive substances had begun to take a toll, though the Curies did not know it or were in denial of that. They were both too sickly to attend the 1903 Nobel ceremony in Stockholm. In 1904, Pierre was given a professorship at the Sorbonne for his work. The professorship established more financial security for the Curie family—Pierres father had moved in to help care for the children. Marie was given a small salary and a title as Chief of the Laboratory. That same year, the Curies established the use of radiation therapy for cancer and lupus, and their second daughter, Ève, was born. Ève would later write a biography of her mother. In 1905, the Curies finally traveled to Stockholm, and Pierre gave the Nobel Lecture. Marie was annoyed by the attention to their romance rather than to their scientific work. From Wife to Professor But security was short-lived, as Pierre was killed suddenly in 1906 when he was run over by a horse-drawn carriage on a Paris street. This left Marie Curie a widow with responsibility for raising her two young daughters. Marie Curie was offered a national pension, but turned it down. A month after Pierres death, she was offered his chair at the Sorbonne, and she accepted. Two years later she was elected a full professor—the first woman to hold a chair at the Sorbonne. Further Work Marie Curie spent the next years organizing her research, supervising the research of others, and raising funds. Her Treatise on Radioactivity was published in 1910. Early in 1911, Marie Curie was denied election to the French Academy of Sciences by one vote. Emile Hilaire Amagat said of the vote, Women cannot be part of the Institute of France. Marie Curie refused to have her name resubmitted for nomination and refused to allow the Academy to publish any of her work for ten years.  The press attacked her for her candidacy. Nevertheless, that same year she was appointed director of the Marie Curie Laboratory, part of the Radium Institute of the University of Paris, and of the Institute for Radioactivity in Warsaw, and she was awarded a second Nobel Prize. Tempering her successes that year was a scandal: a newspaper editor alleged an affair between Marie Curie and a married scientist. He denied the charges, and the controversy ended when the editor and scientist arranged a duel, but neither fired. Years later, Marie and Pierres granddaughter married the grandson of the scientist which whom she may have had the affair. During World War I, Marie Curie chose to support the French war effort actively. She put her prize winnings into war bonds and fitted ambulances with portable x-ray equipment for medical purposes, driving the vehicles to the front lines. She established two hundred permanent x-ray installations in France and Belgium. After the war, her daughter Irene joined Marie Curie as an assistant at the laboratory. The Curie Foundation was established in 1920 to work on medical applications for radium. Marie Curie took an important trip to the United States in 1921 to accept the generous gift of a gram of pure radium for research. In 1924, she published her biography of her husband. Illness and Death The work of Marie Curie, her husband, and colleagues with radioactivity was done in ignorance of its effect on human health. Marie Curie and her daughter Irene contracted leukemia, apparently induced by exposure to high levels of radioactivity. The notebooks of Marie Curie are still so radioactive that they cannot be handled. Marie Curies health was declining seriously by the end of the 1920s. Cataracts contributed to failing vision. Marie Curie retired to a sanatorium, with her daughter Eve as her companion. She died of pernicious anemia, also most likely an effect of the radioactivity in her work, in 1934.